Publications
A. Overview
For most of the indicators included in the databank comparable and recent national data as well as time-series are available. However the quality of the underlying data varies to a great extent. General remarks on these differences are given below. Specific explanations and additional information referring to a specific variable, country or source can be found in the footnotes, which accompany the data.
1. Population |
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Size and Distribution | ||||||
V1 | Total population (thousands) | |||||
V2 | Urban population (percentage of total) | |||||
V3 | Population density (persons per square kilometer) | |||||
Structure | ||||||
Age | ||||||
V4 | Population aged below 15 (thousands) | |||||
V5 | Population aged between 15 and 59 (thousands) | |||||
V6 | Population aged 60 and over (thousands) | |||||
V7 | Population aged 80 and over (thousands) | |||||
V8 | Proportion of population aged below 15 (percentage) | |||||
V9 | Proportion of population aged between 15 and 59 (percentage) | |||||
V10 | Proportion of population aged 60 and over (percentage) | |||||
V11 | Proportion of population aged 80 and over (percentage) | |||||
V12 | Median age (years) | |||||
Gender | ||||||
V13 | Total female population (thousands) | |||||
V14 | Total male population (thousands) | |||||
V15 | Sex ratio of population aged 60 and over (per hundred) | |||||
V16 | Sex ratio of population aged 80 and over (per hundred) | |||||
Dependency ratios | ||||||
V17 | Child dependency ratio (per hundred) | |||||
V18 | Older population dependency ratio (per hundred) | |||||
Population dynamics | ||||||
Fertility | ||||||
V19 | Crude birth rate (births per 1,000 mid-year population) | |||||
V20 | Total fertility rate (children per woman) | |||||
V21 | Contraceptive prevalence (percentage) | |||||
V22 | Proportion of births attended by skilled health professionals (percentage) | |||||
Mortality and Health | ||||||
V23 | Crude death rate (deaths per 1,000 mid-year population) | |||||
V24 | Life expectancy at birth (years) | |||||
V25 | Life expectancy at birth, females (years) | |||||
V26 | Life expectancy at birth, males (years) | |||||
V27 | Infant mortality rate (deaths per 1,000 live births) | |||||
V28 | Under-5 mortality rate (deaths of children under 5 per 1,000 live births) | |||||
V29 | Maternal mortality ratio (women's deaths per 100,000 live births) | |||||
V30 | Prevalence of HIV among adults aged 15 to 49 years old (percentage) | |||||
Migration | ||||||
V31 | International migrant stock(number of persons) | |||||
V32 | Percentage female of international migrants | |||||
Nuptiality | ||||||
V33 | Singulate mean age at marriage, female (years) | |||||
V34 | Singulate mean age at marriage, male (years) | |||||
Demographic change | ||||||
V35 | Total population: average annual growth rate (percentage) | |||||
V36 | Urban population: average annual growth rate (percentage) | |||||
V37 | Rural population: average annual growth rate (percentage) | |||||
V38 | Child population: average annual growth rate (percentage) | |||||
V39 | Working age population: average annual growth rate (percentage) | |||||
V40 | Older population: average annual growth rate (percentage) | |||||
2. Resources | ||||||
Land | ||||||
V41 | Total area (1000 hectares) | |||||
V42 | Land area (1000 hectares) | |||||
V43 | Population per cropland (persons per hectare) | |||||
V44 | Cropland as a percentage of land area | |||||
V45 | Forest as a percentage of land area | |||||
V46 | Irrigated land as a percentage of cropland | |||||
Water | ||||||
V50 | Fresh water annual withdrawals as a percentage of total resources | |||||
V51 | Fresh water resources (billion cubic meters) | |||||
Food | ||||||
V55 | Cereal production (metric tons) | |||||
V56 | Cereal yield (hectogram per hectare) | |||||
V57 | Food aid in cereals (metric tons) | |||||
V58 | Cereals, imports (metric tons) | |||||
V59 | Cereals, exports (metric tons) | |||||
V60 | Roots and tubers (metric tons) | |||||
3. Environment | ||||||
Natural world | ||||||
V61 | Nationally protected area as a percentage of total area | |||||
V74 | Annual percentage change in forest area | |||||
Emissions | ||||||
V75 | Carbon dioxide emissions (thousands of metric tons) | |||||
V76 | Carbon dioxide emissions per capita (metric tons) | |||||
4. Development | ||||||
Economic development | ||||||
Economic output | ||||||
V77 | GDP total (millions of US dollars) | |||||
V78 | GDP per capita (constant 2000 US dollars) | |||||
V79 | GDP per capita PPP (current international dollars) | |||||
V80 | Agricultural share of GDP (percentage) | |||||
V81 | Industrial share of GDP (percentage) | |||||
V82 | Services share of GDP (percentage) | |||||
V83 | GDP average annual growth rate (percentage) | |||||
V84 | GDP per capita average annual growth rate (percentage) | |||||
Labour force | ||||||
V85 | Economically active population (percentage) | |||||
V86 | Economically active population, females (percentage) | |||||
V87 | Economically active population, males (percentage) | |||||
V89 | Women as a percentage of the labour force | |||||
V90 | Economically active population in agriculture as a percentage of labour force | |||||
V91 | Economically active population in industry as a percentage of labour force | |||||
V92 | Economically active population in services as a percentage of labour force | |||||
Income | ||||||
V93 | Population with income less than one US dollar per day (percentage) | |||||
V94 | Income share of lowest 20 per cent (percentage) | |||||
V95 | Income share of highest 20 per cent (percentage) | |||||
Social development | ||||||
Nutrition and underweight | ||||||
V96 | Children underweight (percentage) | |||||
V98 | Population undernourishment (percentage) | |||||
V99 | Low birth weight infants (percentage) | |||||
Water and sanitation | ||||||
V100 | Percentage of population using improved drinking-water sources, total | |||||
V101 | Percentage of population using improved sanitation facilities, total | |||||
V102 | Percentage of population using improved drinking-water sources, urban | |||||
V103 | Percentage of population using improved sanitation facilities, urban | |||||
V104 | Percentage of population using improved drinking-water sources, rural | |||||
V105 | Percentage of population using improved sanitation facilities, rural | |||||
Education | ||||||
V106 | Adult literacy rate (percentage) | |||||
V107 | Adult literacy rate, females (percentage) | |||||
V108 | Adult literacy rate, males (percentage) | |||||
V109 | Young adult literacy rate (15-24 years old), total (percentage) | |||||
V110 | Young adult literacy rate (15-24 years old), female (percentage) | |||||
V111 | Young adult literacy rate (15-24 years old), male (percentage) | |||||
V112 | Gross enrolment ratio, primary school, total | |||||
V113 | Gross enrolment ratio, primary school, female | |||||
V114 | Gross enrolment ratio, primary school, male | |||||
V115 | Net enrolment ratio, primary school, total | |||||
V116 | Net enrolment ratio, primary school, female | |||||
V117 | Net enrolment ratio, primary school, male | |||||
V118 | Gross enrolment ratio, secondary school, total | |||||
V119 | Gross enrolment ratio, secondary school, female | |||||
V120 | Gross enrolment ratio, secondary school, male | |||||
V121 | Net enrolment ratio, secondary school, total | |||||
V122 | Net enrolment ratio, secondary school, female | |||||
V123 | Net enrolment ratio, secondary school, male | |||||
Public expenditure | ||||||
V124 | Final international expenditures for population activities (thousands of US dollars) | |||||
V125 | Total public spending on education (percentage of GDP) | |||||
V126 | Total public spending on health (percentage of GDP) | |||||
5. Policy | ||||||
Population policy | ||||||
V127 | Views on population growth | |||||
V128 | Intervention on population growth | |||||
V129 | Views on fertility level | |||||
V130 | Intervention on fertility level | |||||
V131 | Views on mortality level | |||||
V132 | Views on immigration level | |||||
V133 | Policy on immigration level | |||||
V134 | Views on emigration level | |||||
V135 | Policy on emigration level | |||||
International Treaties | ||||||
V136 | Convention on Climate Change (1993) | |||||
V137 | Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer (1985) | |||||
V138 | Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer (1987) | |||||
V139 | UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (1982) | |||||
V140 | Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination against Women (1979) |
B. Description of Variables
1. Population | ||||
Size and distribution | ||||
Variable | Label | Unit | Description of variables | |
V1 | Total population | Thousands | Mid-year de facto population estimated by the Population Division/ DESA of the United Nations Secretariat. Estimates and medium-variant projections. | |
Source: United Nations (2009a) | ||||
V2 | Percentage urban | Percentage | Percentage of total population residing in urban areas. 'Urban' is defined according to the national census definition used in the latest available population census. When necessary and if possible, urban data from earlier census and surveys were adjusted to be consistent with those from the latest census. | |
Source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2008a) | ||||
V3 | Population density | Persons per square kilometer | Mid-year population as compared to the surface area in hectares. Estimates and medium-variant projections. | |
Source: United Nations (2009a) | ||||
Structure | ||||
Age | ||||
V4 | Population under age 15 | Thousands | Number of persons aged under 15 years. Estimates and medium-variant projections. | |
Source: United Nations (2009a) | ||||
V5 | Population aged 15 – 59 | Thousands | Number of persons aged 15-59 years. Estimates and medium-variant projections. | |
Source: United Nations (2009a) | ||||
V6 | Population aged 60 or over | Thousands | Number of persons aged 60 years or over. Estimates and medium-variant projections. | |
Source: United Nations (2009a) | ||||
V7 | Population aged 80 or over | Thousands | Number of persons aged 80 years or over. Estimates and medium-variant projections. | |
Source: United Nations (2009a) | ||||
V8 | Population under age 15 as percentage of total population | Percentage | Relative size of population under age 15 as compared to total population, computed as: 100*V4/ V1. Estimates and medium-variant projections. | |
Source: United Nations (2009a) | ||||
V9 | Population aged 15 to 59 as percentage of total population | Percentage | Relative size of population aged 15–59 compared to total population, computed as: 100*V5/ V1. Estimates and medium-variant projections. | |
Source: United Nations (2009a) | ||||
V10 | Population aged 60 or over as percentage of total population | Percentage | Relative size of population aged 60 or over as compared to total population, computed as: 100*V6/ V1. Estimates and medium-variant projections. | |
Source: United Nations (2009a) | ||||
V11 | Population aged 80 or over as percentage of total population | Percentage | Relative size of population aged 80 or over as compared to total population, computed as: 100*V7/ V1. Estimates and medium-variant projections. | |
Source: United Nations (2009a) | ||||
V12 | Median age | Years | Age of the 50th percentile of the population age distribution. Estimates and medium-variant projections. | |
Source: United Nations (2009a) | ||||
Gender | ||||
V13 | Total female population | Thousands | Mid-year de facto female population. Estimates and medium-variant projections. | |
Source: United Nations (2009a) | ||||
V14 | Total male population | Thousands | Mid-year de facto male population. Estimates and medium-variant projections. | |
Source: United Nations (2009a) | ||||
V15 | Sex ratio ages 60 or over | Per hundred | Number of men per 100 women in the population aged 60 or over, computed as: 100* (Number of men over 60 / Number of women over 60). Estimates and medium-variant projections. | |
Source: United Nations (2009a) | ||||
V16 | Sex ratio ages 80 or over | Per hundred | The number of men per 100 women in the population aged 80 or over, computed as: 100* (Number of men over 80 / Number of women over 80). Estimates and medium-variant projections. | |
Source: United Nations (2009a) | ||||
Dependency ratios | ||||
V17 | Child dependency ratio | Per hundred | Population aged under 15 compared to the working age population (15-59), computed as: 100 * V4/V5. Estimates and medium-variant projections. | |
Source: United Nations (2009a) | ||||
V18 | Older population dependency ratio | Per hundred | Population aged 60 or over compared to the working age population (15-59) computed as: 100 * V6/V5. Estimates and medium-variant projections. | |
Source: United Nations (2009a) | ||||
Population dynamics | ||||
Fertility | ||||
V19 | Crude birth rate | Births per 1,000 people | Number of births occurring during the year per 1,000 mid-year population. Estimates and medium-variant projections. | |
Source: United Nations (2009a) | ||||
V20 | Total fertility rate | Children per woman | Average number of children that would be born to a woman in her lifetime, if she were to pass through her childbearing years experiencing the age-specific fertility rates for a given period. Estimates and medium-variant projections. | |
Source: United Nations (2009a) | ||||
V21 | Contraceptive prevalence | Percentage | Contraceptive prevalence refers to the percentage of currently married women (including, where possible, those in consensual unions) currently using contraception, either traditional or modern methods. Users of contraception are defined as women who are practicing, or whose male partners are practicing, any form of contraception, including female or male sterilization, injectable or oral contraceptives, intrauterine devices, diaphragms, spermicides, condoms, withdrawal and periodic or long-term abstinence. | |
Source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2008b) | ||||
V22 | Proportion of births attended by skilled health professionals | Percentage | Refers to the proportion of births attended by skilled health professionals (nurses or doctors). It is calculated by dividing the number of births attended by skilled health professional in a given year by the total number of births in this year. Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified. | |
Source: United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) (2009) | ||||
Mortality and Health | ||||
V23 | Crude death rate | Deaths per 1,000 people | Number of deaths occurring during the year per 1,000 mid-year population. Estimates and medium-variant projections. | |
Source: United Nations (2009a) | ||||
V24 | Life expectancy | Years | Number of years a newborn infant would live if prevailing age patterns of mortality at the time of its birth were to stay the same throughout its life. Estimates and medium-variant projections. | |
Source: United Nations (2009a) | ||||
V25 | Life expectancy at birth, females | Years | Number of years a female newborn would live if prevailing age patterns of mortality at the time of her birth were to stay the same throughout her life. Estimates and medium-variant projections. | |
Source: United Nations (2009a) | ||||
V26 | Life expectancy at birth, males | Years | Number of years a male newborn would live if prevailing age patterns of mortality at the time of his birth were to stay the same throughout his life. Estimates and medium-variant projections. | |
Source: United Nations (2009a) | ||||
V27 | Infant mortality rate | Deaths per 1,000 live births | Number of deaths of infants under one year of age per 1,000 live births in a given year. It shows the probability of a newborn dying before reaching his first birthday. It is usually calculated as the number of infant deaths in a period divided by the number of births in the same period. Figures are quinquennial estimates and medium-variant projections. | |
Source: United Nations (2009a) | ||||
V28 | Under 5-mortality rate | Deaths of children under 5 per1,000 live births | Number of deaths of children under 5 years of age per 1,000 live births. It shows the probability of a newborn dying before reaching his fifth birthday. Figures are quinquennial estimates and medium-variant projections . | |
Source: United Nations (2009a) | ||||
V29 | Maternal mortality ratio | Women's deaths per 100,000 live births | A maternal death is the death of a woman while pregnant or within 42 days of termination of pregnancy, irrespective of the duration and site of the pregnancy, from any cause related to or aggravated by the pregnancy or its management but not from accidental or incidental causes. The maternal mortality ratio is the number of maternal deaths over a year per 100,000 live births in that year. | |
Source: United Nations (2008a) | ||||
V30 | Prevalence of HIV among adults aged 15 to 49 years old | Percentage | Refers to the proportion of adults aged 15 to 49 years old infected with the HIV virus. It is calculated by dividing the number of adults aged 15 to 49 years who are found to be infected with HIV in a given year by the population of adults of the same age group. | |
Source: United Nations (2009b) | ||||
Migration | ||||
V31 | International migrant stock | Number of persons | Number of foreign-born persons or the foreign population within a country. | |
Source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2009a) | ||||
V32 | Women as a percentage of international migrants | Percentage | Women migrants as a proportion of international migrants | |
Source: United Nations (2009a) | ||||
Nuptiality | ||||
V33 | Singulate mean age at marriage, females | Years | Estimated mean age at first marriage for women among those who ever marry before age 50. | |
Source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2009b) | ||||
V34 | Singulate mean age at marriage, males | Years | Estimated mean age at first marriage for men among those who ever marry before age 50. | |
Source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2009b) | ||||
Demographic changes | ||||
V35 | Total population: average annual growth rate | Percentage | Average annual percentage growth rate of a population between dates t1 and t2 computed using the mid-year estimates and an exponential rate of increase: 100 * ln (V1t2 / V1t1) / (t2 - t1). Estimates and medium-variant projections. | |
Source: United Nations (2009a) | ||||
V36 | Urban population: average annual growth rate | Percentage | Average annual percentage growth rate of urban population. | |
Source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2008a) | ||||
V37 | Rural population: average annual growth rate | Percentage | Average annual percentage growth rate of rural population. | |
Source: United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division (2008a) | ||||
V38 | Child population: average annual growth rate | Percentage | Average annual percentage growth rate of population under age 15 between dates t1 and t2 computed using the mid-year estimates and an exponential rate of increase: 100 * ln (V4t2 / V4t1 ) / (t2 - t1). Estimates and medium-variant projections. | |
Source: United Nations (2009a) | ||||
V39 | Working age population: average annual growth rate | Percentage | Average annual percentage growth rate of population aged 15 - 59 between dates t1 and t2 computed using the mid-year estimates and an exponential rate of increase: 100 * ln (V5t2 / V5t1) / (t2 - t1). Estimates and medium-variant projections. | |
Source: United Nations (2009a) | ||||
V40 | Older population growth rate | Percentage | The average annual percentage growth rate of population aged 60 or older between dates t1 and t2 computed using the mid-year estimates and an exponential rate of increase: 100 * ln (V6t2 / V6t1 ) / (t2 – t1). Estimates and medium-variant projections. | |
Source: United Nations (2009a) | ||||
2. Resources | ||||
Land | ||||
V41 | Total area | 1000 hectares | Total surface area of the country, comprising land area and inland waters, which include major rivers and lakes. | |
Source: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) (2009a) | ||||
V42 | Land area | 1000 hectares | The total area of the country, excluding area under inland water bodies. | |
Source: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) (2009a) | ||||
V43 | Population per cropland | Persons per hectare | Mid-year population (unrounded) as compared to the cropland area in hectares, computed as: 1000 * V1/ Cropland in hectares. Cropland is arable land and permanent cropland. Arable land is the land under temporary agricultural crops (multiple-cropped areas are counted only once), temporary meadows for mowing or pasture, land under market and kitchen gardens and land temporarily fallow (less than five years). The abandoned land resulting from shifting cultivation is not included in this category. Data for “Arable land” are not meant to indicate the amount of land that is potentially cultivable. Permanent cropland is the land cultivated with long-term crops which do not have to be replanted for several years (such as cocoa and coffee); land under trees and shrubs producing flowers, such as roses and jasmine; and nurseries (except those for forest trees, which should be classified under 'forest'). Permanent meadows and pastures are excluded from land under permanent crops. | |
Source: United Nations (2009a); Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) (2009a) | ||||
V44 | Cropland as percentage of land area | Percentage | Cropland is arable land and permanent cropland (see V43). Computed as: 100 * Cropland in hectares / V42 | |
Source: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) (2009a) | ||||
V45 | Forest area as percentage of land area | Percentage | Forest area is the land spanning more than 0.5 hectares with trees higher than 5 metres and a canopy cover of more than 10 percent, or trees able to reach these thresholds in situ. It does not include land that is predominantly under agricultural or urban land use. Forest is determined both by the presence of trees and the absence of other predominant land uses. The trees should be able to reach a minimum height of 5 metres (m) in situ. Areas under reforestation that have not yet reached but are expected to reach a canopy cover of 10 percent and a tree height of 5 m are included, as are temporarily unstocked areas, resulting from human intervention or natural causes, which are expected to regenerate. Includes: areas with bamboo and palms provided that height and canopy cover criteria are met; forest roads, firebreaks and other small open areas; forest in national parks, nature reserves and other protected areas such as those of specific scientific, historical, cultural or spiritual interest; windbreaks, shelterbelts and corridors of trees with an area of more than 0.5 ha and width of more than 20 m; plantations primarily used for forestry or protective purposes, such as: rubber-wood plantations and cork, oak stands. Excludes: tree stands in agricultural production systems, for example in fruit plantations and agroforestry systems. The term also excludes trees in urban parks and gardens. Data are expressed in 1000 hectares. Land area is V42. | |
Source: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) (2009a) | ||||
V46 | Irrigated land as percentage of cropland | Percentage | Irrigated land refers to areas purposely provided with water, including land irrigated by controlled flooding. Cropland is permanent cropland and arable land (or temporary cropland). | |
Source: World Bank (2009) | ||||
Water | ||||
V50 | Fresh water annual withdrawals | Percentage | Annual freshwater withdrawals are total water withdrawals, not counting evaporation losses from storage basins. Withdrawals also include water from desalination plants in countries where they are a significant source. Withdrawals can exceed 100 per cent of total renewable resources where extraction from nonrenewable aquifers or desalination plants is considerable or where water reuse is insignificant. Renewable internal freshwater resources flows are internal renewable resources (internal river flows and groundwater from rainfall) in the country. | |
Source: World Bank (2009) | ||||
V51 | Fresh water resources | Cubic km. | Renewable internal freshwater resources flows are internal renewable resources (internal river flows and groundwater from rainfall) in the country. | |
Source: World Bank (2009) | ||||
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Food | ||||
V55 | Cereal production | Metric tons | Cereal production includes wheat, rice, maize, barley, oats, rye, millet, sorghum, buckwheat, and mixed grains. It refers to crops harvested for dry grain only. Cereal crops harvested for hay or harvested green for food, feed or silage or used for grazing are excluded. | |
Source: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) (2009a) | ||||
V56 | Cereal yield | Hectograms per hectare | Cereal yield represents harvested production in hectogrammes per hectare of harvested cereal products. | |
Source: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) (2009a) | ||||
V57 | Food aid in cereals | Metric tons per year | Food aid shipments represent a transfer of food commodities from donor to recipient countries, on a total-grant basis or on highly concessional terms. Cereal food aid shipments are reported on a calendar year basis. From 1990 to date, the information on food aid shipments has been provided to FAO by the World Food Programme. | |
Source: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) (2009b) | ||||
V58 | Cereals imports | Metric tons | Cereals imports refer to grain equivalents imported, defined as comprising all cereal in the standard international trade classification (SITC). | |
Source: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) (2009a) | ||||
V59 | Cereals exports | Metric tons | Cereals exports refer to grain equivalents exported, defined as comprising all cereal in the standard international trade classification (SITC). | |
Source: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) (2009a) | ||||
V60 | Roots and tubers | Metric tons | Production of potatoes, sweet potatoes, cassava, yams, taro, yautia, and arrowroot. Root crops are dietary staples in certain areas where cereals are less widely grown, particularly in tropical Africa. Root crops grown principally for feed such as turnips, mangels and swedes are not included. | |
Source: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) (2009a) | ||||
3. Environment | ||||
Natural World | ||||
V61 | Nationally protected area | Percentage | Nationally protected areas as percentage of total land area. Nationally protected areas are totally or partially protected areas of at least 1,000 hectares. Totally protected areas are maintained in a natural state and closed to extractive uses, encompassing: scientific reserves and strict nature reserves; national and provincial parks; and natural monuments and landmarks with unique geology or biodiversity. Partially protected areas may be managed for recreation, tourism, or for providing optimum habitat for certain species of wildlife. These areas encompass: nature reserves and wildlife sanctuaries, and protected landscapes/seascapes (including scenically attractive cultural areas). Marine areas, unclassified areas, littoral (intertidal) areas, sites protected under local or provincial law, and privately owned areas are excluded. | |
Source: United Nations Environment Programme – World Conservation Monitoring Centre (UNEP-WCMC) (2007) | ||||
V74 | Annual change in forest area | Percentage | The average annual percentage change in forest area, also called average annual deforestation, is the permanent conversion of natural forest area to other uses, including agriculture, ranching, settlements, and infrastructure. Deforested areas do not include areas logged but intended for regeneration or areas degraded by fule-wood gathering, acid precipitation, or forest fires. | |
Source: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) (2005) | ||||
Emissions | ||||
V75 | Carbon dioxide emissions | Thousands of metric tons | Carbon dioxide emissions are emissions from the burning of fossil fuels and the manufacture of cement and include carbon dioxide produced during consumption of solid, liquid, and gas fules and gas flaring. They were calculated by the U.S. Department of Energy's Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center (CDIAC). Carbon dioxide emissions are calculated from reported elemental carbon, whose values are converted to actual carbon dioxide mass by multiplying them by 3.664 (the ratio of the mass of the carbon to that of carbon dioxide). | |
Source: World Bank (2009) | ||||
V76 | Carbon dioxide emissions per capita | Metric tons | Carbon dioxide emissions per capita is computed by dividing the total emissions by the population of each country. | |
Source: World Bank (2009) | ||||
4. Development | ||||
Economic development | ||||
Economic output | ||||
V77 | Gross Domestic Product (GDP) | Millions of US dollars | Gross Domestic Product (GDP) represents the sum of value added by all producers in the economy. Value added is the value of the gross output of producers less the value of intermediate goods and services consumed in production, before taking account of the consumption of fixed capital in the production process. The United Nations System of National Accounts calls for estimates of value added to be valued at either basic prices (excluding net taxes on products) or producer prices (including net taxes on products paid by producers but excluding sales or value added taxes). GDP at purchaser prices (shown here) is the sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes (less subsidies) not included in the valuation of output. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or for depletion and degradation of natural resources. | |
Source: World Bank (2009) | ||||
V78 | Gross Domestic Product per capita | Constant 2000 US dollars | Gross Domestic Product per capita, at constant 2000 US $ refers to total GDP (V77) divided by total population (V1). | |
Source: World Bank (2009); United Nations (2009a) | ||||
V79 | GDP per capita at purchasing power parity (PPP) | Current international dollars | GDP per capita at purchasing power parity (PPP) are GDP estimates based on the purchasing power of currencies rather than on current exchange rates. These estimates are a blend of extrapolated and regression-based numbers, using the results of the international Comparison Programme (ICP). ICP benchmark studies are multilateral pricing exercises, where inter-country price comparisons are reported in several phases. PPP studies recast traditional national accounts through special price collections and the disaggregation of GDP by expenditure components. ICP details are reported by national statistical offices, and the results are coordinated by the World Bank, assisted by other United Nations agencies. International dollar-values, which are different from U.S. dollar values of GDP, are obtained using special conversion factors that equalize the purchasing powers of different currencies. This conversion factor, PPP, is defined as the number of units of a country's currency required to buy the same amounts of goods and services in the domestic market as one U.S. dollar would buy in the 'average' country. The average price-index thus equalizes dollar prices in every country so that cross-country comparisons of GDP based on them reflect differences in quantities of goods and services free of price-level differentials. PPP estimates tend to lower per capita GDPs in industrialized countries and raise per capita GDPs in developing countries. Data are in constant 1995 international dollars. Mid-year de facto population figures are used for GDP, PPP per capita figures. | |
Source: World Bank (2009) | ||||
V80 | Agricultural share of GDP | Percentage | Agricultural share of GDP refers to the agriculture value added (current US$) as a proportion of GDP at market prices (current US$). Agriculture value added measures the output of the agricultural sector less the value of intermediate inputs. Agriculture comprises value added from forestry, hunting, and fishing as well as cultivation of crops and livestock production. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The industrial origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Agriculture corresponds to ISIC divisions 1-5. | |
Source: World Bank (2009) | ||||
V81 | Industrial share of GDP | Percentage | Industrial share of GDP refers to the industry value added (current US$) as a proportion of GDP at market prices (current US$). Industry value added comprises value added in mining, manufacturing, construction, electricity, water, and gas. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The industrial origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Industry corresponds to ISIC divisions 10-45. | |
Source: World Bank (2009) | ||||
V82 | Services share of GDP | Percentage | Services share of GDP refers to the services value added (current US$) as a proportion of GDP at market prices (current US$). Services value added include value added in wholesale and retail trade (including hotels and restaurants), transport, and government, financial, professional, and personal services such as education, health care, and real estate services. Also included are imputed bank service charges, import duties, and any statistical discrepancies noted by national compilers as well as discrepancies arising from rescaling. Value added is the net output of a sector after adding up all outputs and subtracting intermediate inputs. It is calculated without making deductions for depreciation of fabricated assets or depletion and degradation of natural resources. The industrial origin of value added is determined by the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC), revision 3. Services correspond to ISIC divisions 50-99. | |
Source: World Bank (2009) | ||||
V83 | GDP growth | Percentage | GDP growth refers to the average annual percentage growth rate of GDP total computed as: 100 * ln ( V77t2 / V77t1 ) / ( t2 - t1 ) | |
Source: World Bank (2009) | ||||
V84 | GDP growth per capita | Percentage | GDP growth per capita refers to the average annual percentage growth rate of GDP per capita, computed as: 100 * ln ( V78t2 / V78t1 ) / ( t2 - t1 ) | |
Source: World Bank (2009) | ||||
Labour force | ||||
V85 | Economically active population | Percentage | Economically active population is all people aged 15 or over who supply labour for the production of goods and services during a specified period. | |
Source: International Labour Organization (ILO) (2009) | ||||
V86 | Economically active population, females | Percentage | Economically active population, female is all women aged 15 or over who supply labour for the production of goods and services during a specified period. | |
Source: International Labour Organization (ILO) (2009) | ||||
V87 | Economically active population, males | Percentage | Economically active population, male is all men aged 15 or over who supply labour for the production of goods and services during a specified period. | |
Source: International Labour Organization (ILO) (2009) | ||||
V89 | Women as a percentage of the labour force | Percentage | Women as a percentage of the labour force is the proportion of the labour force that is female and show the extent to which women are active in the labour force. | |
Source: International Labour Organization (ILO) (2008) | ||||
V90 | Percentage of the economically active population in agriculture | Percentage | Economically active population in agriculture refers to all people aged 15 or over, employed and unemployed, including those seeking work for the first time, who are in the agricultural sector. Agriculture corresponds to division 1 (ISIC revision 2) or tabulation categories A and B (ISIC revision 3) and includes hunting, forestry and fishing. It is shown as a percentage of the total economically active population. | |
Source: International Labour Organization (ILO) (2008) | ||||
V91 | Percentage of economically active population in industry | Percentage | Economically active population in industry refers to all people aged 15 or over, employed and unemployed, including those seeking work for the first time, who are in the industrial sector. Industry corresponds to divisions 2-5 (ISIC revision 2) or tabulation categories (ISIC revision 3) and includes mining and quarrying (including oil production), manufacturing, construction, and public utilities (electricity, gas and water). It is shown as a percentage of the total economically active population. | |
Source: International Labour Organization (ILO) (2008) | ||||
V92 | Percentage of economically active population in services | Percentage | Economically active population in services refers to all people aged 15 or over, employed and unemployed, including those seeking work for the first time, who are in the service sector. Services correspond to division 6-9 (ISIC revision 2) or tabulation categories G-P (ISIC revision 3) and includes wholesale and retail trade and restaurants and hotels; transport, storage, and communications; financing, insurance, real estate, and business services; and community, social and personal services. It is shown as a percentage of the total economically active population. | |
Source: International Labour Organization (ILO) (2008) | ||||
Income | ||||
V93 | Population with income of less than 1 US$ /day | Percentage | Percentage of the population living under the international ($1.25 a day PPP) poverty line. | |
Source: World Bank (2009) | ||||
V94 | Income of lowest 20 per cent of the population | Percentage | The share of total income received by the lowest 20 per cent of the population, ranked either by per capita expenditure or by per capita income. Because the underlying household surveys differ in method and in the type of data collected, the distribution indicators are not strictly comparable across countries. | |
Source: World Bank (2009) | ||||
V95 | Income of highest 20 per cent of the population | Percentage | The share of income of the highest 20% of the population, ranked either by per capita expenditure or by per capita income. Because the underlying household surveys differ in method and in the type of data collected, the distribution indicators are not strictly comparable across countries. | |
Source: World Bank (2009) | ||||
Social development | ||||
Nutrition and underweight | ||||
V96 | Children underweight | Percentage | Refers to the percentage of children under 5 years of age who have a weight that is more than two standard deviations below the median weight-for-age of the standard reference population at the United States National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). The standard reference population is commonly referred to as the NCHS/WHO international reference population. | |
Source: United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) (2009) | ||||
V98 | Population under-nourishment | Percentage | Proportion of the population in a condition of undernourishment. Undernourishment refers to the condition of people whose dietary energy consumption is continuously below a minimum dietary energy requirement for maintaining a healthy life and carrying out a light physical activity with an acceptable minimum body-weight for attained-height. | |
Source: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) (2009b) | ||||
V99 | Low birth weight infants | Percentage | Percentage of infants weighing less than 2,500 g at birth. Data refer to the most recent year available during the period specified. | |
Source: United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) (2009) | ||||
Water and sanitation | ||||
V100 | Proportion of population using improved drinking-water sources, total | Percentage | The proportion of the population using an improved drinking water source is an MDG indicator that measures access to drinking water. An improved drinking-water source is defined as one that, by nature of its construction or through active intervention, is protected from outside contamination, in particular from contamination with faecal matter. The proportion of the population using an improved drinking water source, total, urban, and rural, is the percentage of the population who use any of the following types of water supply for drinking: piped water into dwelling, plot or yard; public tap/standpipe; borehole/tube well; protected dug well; protected spring; rainwater collection and bottled water (if a secondary available source is also improved). It does not include “unimproved” drinking water sources such as unprotected dug well, unprotected spring, water provided by carts with small tanks/drums, tanker truck-provided water and bottled water (if secondary source is not an improved source) or surface water taken directly from rivers, ponds, streams, lakes, dams, or irrigation channels. Definitions and a detailed description of these facilities can be found at the website of the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation at www.wssinfo.org. | |
Source: United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) (2009) | ||||
V101 | Proportion of population using improved sanitation facilities, total | Percentage | The proportion of population using improved sanitation facilities is an MDG indicator that measures access to basic sanitation. For MDG monitoring, an improved sanitation facility is defined as one that hygienically separates human excreta from human contact. To allow for international comparability of estimates, JMP uses the following classification to differentiate between the use of improved sanitation and use of 'non-improved' sanitation. The proportion of the population using an improved sanitation facility, total, urban, rural, is the percentage of the population with access to any of the following facilities in the home or compound: flush/pour flush toilets or latrines connected to a piped sewer system, septic tank or pit latrine; ventilated improved pit latrines; pit latrines with a slab or platform of any material which covers the pit entirely, except for the drop hole; and composting toilets/latrines. Unimproved facilities include public or shared facilities of an otherwise acceptable type, flush/pour-flush toilets or latrines which discharge directly into an open sewer or ditch, pit latrines without a slab, bucket latrines, hanging toilets or latrines which directly discharge in water bodies or in the open and the practice of open defecation in the bush, field or bodies or water. Definitions and a detailed description of these facilities can be found at the website of the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation at www.wssinfo.org. | |
Source: United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) (2009) | ||||
V102 | Proportion of population using improved drinking-water sources, urban | Percentage | The proportion of the population using an improved drinking water source is an MDG indicator that measures access to drinking water. An improved drinking-water source is defined as one that, by nature of its construction or through active intervention, is protected from outside contamination, in particular from contamination with faecal matter. The proportion of the population using an improved drinking water source, total, urban, and rural, is the percentage of the population who use any of the following types of water supply for drinking: piped water into dwelling, plot or yard; public tap/standpipe; borehole/tube well; protected dug well; protected spring; rainwater collection and bottled water (if a secondary available source is also improved). It does not include “unimproved” drinking water sources such as unprotected dug well, unprotected spring, water provided by carts with small tanks/drums, tanker truck-provided water and bottled water (if secondary source is not an improved source) or surface water taken directly from rivers, ponds, streams, lakes, dams, or irrigation channels. Definitions and a detailed description of these facilities can be found at the website of the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation at www.wssinfo.org. | |
Source: UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) (2009) | ||||
V103 | Proportion of population using improved sanitation facilities, urban | Percentage | The proportion of population using improved sanitation facilities is an MDG indicator that measures access to basic sanitation. For MDG monitoring, an improved sanitation facility is defined as one that hygienically separates human excreta from human contact. To allow for international comparability of estimates, JMP uses the following classification to differentiate between the use of improved sanitation and use of 'non-improved' sanitation. The proportion of the population using an improved sanitation facility, total, urban, rural, is the percentage of the population with access to any of the following facilities in the home or compound: flush/pour flush toilets or latrines connected to a piped sewer system, septic tank or pit latrine; ventilated improved pit latrines; pit latrines with a slab or platform of any material which covers the pit entirely, except for the drop hole; and composting toilets/latrines. Unimproved facilities include public or shared facilities of an otherwise acceptable type, flush/pour-flush toilets or latrines which discharge directly into an open sewer or ditch, pit latrines without a slab, bucket latrines, hanging toilets or latrines which directly discharge in water bodies or in the open and the practice of open defecation in the bush, field or bodies or water. Definitions and a detailed description of these facilities can be found at the website of the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation at www.wssinfo.org. | |
Source: UNICEF United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) (2009) | ||||
V104 | Proportion of population using improved drinking-water sources, rural | Percentage | The proportion of the population using an improved drinking water source is an MDG indicator that measures access to drinking water. An improved drinking-water source is defined as one that, by nature of its construction or through active intervention, is protected from outside contamination, in particular from contamination with faecal matter. The proportion of the population using an improved drinking water source, total, urban, and rural, is the percentage of the population who use any of the following types of water supply for drinking: piped water into dwelling, plot or yard; public tap/standpipe; borehole/tube well; protected dug well; protected spring; rainwater collection and bottled water (if a secondary available source is also improved). It does not include “unimproved” drinking water sources such as unprotected dug well, unprotected spring, water provided by carts with small tanks/drums, tanker truck-provided water and bottled water (if secondary source is not an improved source) or surface water taken directly from rivers, ponds, streams, lakes, dams, or irrigation channels. Definitions and a detailed description of these facilities can be found at the website of the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation at www.wssinfo.org. | |
Source: United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) (2009) | ||||
V105 | Proportion of population using improved sanitation facilities, rural | Percentage | The proportion of population using improved sanitation facilities is an MDG indicator that measures access to basic sanitation. For MDG monitoring, an improved sanitation facility is defined as one that hygienically separates human excreta from human contact. To allow for international comparability of estimates, JMP uses the following classification to differentiate between the use of improved sanitation and use of 'non-improved' sanitation. The proportion of the population using an improved sanitation facility, total, urban, rural, is the percentage of the population with access to any of the following facilities in the home or compound: flush/pour flush toilets or latrines connected to a piped sewer system, septic tank or pit latrine; ventilated improved pit latrines; pit latrines with a slab or platform of any material which covers the pit entirely, except for the drop hole; and composting toilets/latrines. Unimproved facilities include public or shared facilities of an otherwise acceptable type, flush/pour-flush toilets or latrines which discharge directly into an open sewer or ditch, pit latrines without a slab, bucket latrines, hanging toilets or latrines which directly discharge in water bodies or in the open and the practice of open defecation in the bush, field or bodies or water. Definitions and a detailed description of these facilities can be found at the website of the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation at www.wssinfo.org. | |
Source: United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) (2009) | ||||
Education | ||||
V106 | Adult literacy rate | Percentage | Adult literacy rate is the percentage of people aged 15 and above that can, with understanding, both read and write a short, simple statement about their everyday life. | |
Source: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics (2009) | ||||
V107 | Adult literacy rate, female | Percentage | Adult literacy rate among females is the percentage of females aged 15 and above that can, with understanding, both read and write a short, simple statement about their everyday life. | |
Source: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics (2009) | ||||
V108 | Adult literacy rate, male | Percentage | Adult literacy rate among males is the percentage of males aged 15 and above that can, with understanding, both read and write a short, simple statement about their everyday life. | |
Source: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics (2009) | ||||
V109 | Young adult literacy rate (15-24 years old), total | Percentage | Young adult literacy rate is the percentage of people aged 15-24 that can, with understanding, both read and write a short, simple statement about their everyday life. | |
Source: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics (2009) | ||||
V110 | Young adult literacy rate (15-24 years old), female | Percentage | Young adult literacy rate among females is the percentage of females aged 15-24 that can, with understanding, both read and write a short, simple statement about their everyday life. | |
Source: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics (2009) | ||||
V111 | Young adult literacy rate (15-49 years old), male | Percentage | Young adult literacy rate among males is the percentage of males aged 15-24 that can, with understanding, both read and write a short, simple statement about their everyday life. | |
Source: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics (2009) | ||||
V112 | Gross enrolment ratio, primary school, total | Percentage | Gross enrolment ratio is the ratio of total enrolment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education specified (here primary). | |
Source: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics (2009) | ||||
V113 | Gross enrolment ratio, primary school, female | Percentage | Gross enrolment ratio is the ratio of total enrolment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education specified (here primary). | |
Source: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics (2009) | ||||
V114 | Gross enrolment ratio, primary school, male | Percentage | Gross enrolment ratio is the ratio of total enrolment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education specified (here primary). | |
Source: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics (2009) | ||||
V115 | Net enrolment ratio, primary school, total | Percentage | Net enrolment ratio is the ratio of total enrolment of children of official school age based on the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education specified (here primary). | |
Source: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics (2009) | ||||
V116 | Net enrolment ratio, primary school, female | Percentage | Net enrolment ratio is the ratio of total enrolment of children of official school age based on the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education specified (here primary). | |
Source: UNESCO (2004); World Bank (2004) | ||||
V117 | Net enrolment ratio, primary school, male | Percentage | Net enrolment ratio is the ratio of total enrolment of children of official school age based on the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education specified (here primary). | |
Source: UNESCO (2004); World Bank (2004) | ||||
V118 | Gross enrolment ratio, secondary school, total | Percentage | Gross enrolment ratio is the ratio of total enrolment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education specified (here secondary). | |
Source: UNESCO (2004); World Bank (2004). | ||||
V119 | Gross enrolment ratio, secondary school, female | Percentage | Gross enrolment ratio is the ratio of total enrolment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education specified (here secondary). | |
Source: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics (2009) | ||||
V120 | Gross enrolment ratio, secondary school, male | Percentage | Gross enrolment ratio is the ratio of total enrolment, regardless of age, to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education specified (here secondary). | |
Source: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics (2009). | ||||
V121 | Net enrolment ratio, secondary school, total | Percentage | Net enrolment ratio is the ratio of total enrolment of children of official school age based on the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education specified (here secondary). | |
Source: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics (2009) | ||||
V122 | Net enrolment ratio, secondary school, female | Percentage | Net enrolment ratio is the ratio of total enrolment of children of official school age based on the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education specified (here secondary). | |
Source: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics (2009) | ||||
V123 | Net enrolment ratio, secondary school, male | Percentage | Net enrolment ratio is the ratio of total enrolment of children of official school age based on the International Standard Classification of Education 1997 to the population of the age group that officially corresponds to the level of education specified (here secondary). | |
Source: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics (2009) | ||||
Public expenditure | ||||
V124 | Final international expenditures for population activities | Thousands of US dollars | Amount of external assistance expended in 2007 for population activities (family planning services, reproductive health services, sexually transmitted diseases and HIV/AIDS activities, and basic research and development policy analysis) in each country. External funds are disbursed through multilateral and bilateral assistance agencies and by non-governmental organizations. Donor countries are indicated by their contributions being placed in parentheses. | |
Source: United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) (2009a); United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) (2009b) | ||||
V125 | Total public expenditure on education | Percentage of GDP | Total public expenditure on education is current and capital public expenditure on education as a percentage of GDP. | |
Source: United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Institute for Statistics (2009) | ||||
V126 | Total public expenditure on health | Percentage of GDP | Total public expenditure on health is expressed as a percentage of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Public health expenditure consists of recurrent and capital spending from government (central and local) budgets, external borrowings and grants (including donations from international agencies and nongovernmental organizations), and social (or compulsory) health insurance funds. | |
Source: World Bank (2009) | ||||
5. Policy | ||||
Population policy | ||||
V127 | Views on population growth | Governments’ perception of the acceptability of the population growth rate. It is expressed in three categories: The rate is too high; the rate is satisfactory; the rate is too low. | ||
Source: United Nations (2008b) | ||||
V128 | Intervention on population growth | Governments’ intervention policy to modify the population growth rate. It is expressed in four categories: To raise the rate; to maintain the rate; to lower the rate; no intervention reported. | ||
Source: United Nations (2008b) | ||||
V129 | Views on fertility level | Governments’ perception of the acceptability of the fertility level. It is expressed in three categories: The rate is too high; the rate is satisfactory; the rate is too low. | ||
Source: United Nations (2008b) | ||||
V130 | Intervention on fertility level | Governments’ intervention policy to modify the level of fertility. It is expressed in four categories: To raise the rate; to maintain the rate; to lower the rate; no intervention reported. | ||
Source: United Nations (2008b) | ||||
V131 | Views on mortality level | Governments’ perception of the acceptability of the current mortality level. It is expressed in two categories: Acceptable; unacceptable. | ||
Source: United Nations (2008b) | ||||
V132 | Views on immigration level | Governments’ perception of the immigration level. It is expressed in three categories: Immigration level is too low; immigration level is satisfactory; immigration level is too high. | ||
Source: United Nations (2008b) | ||||
V133 | Policy on immigration level | Governments’ intervention policy to modify the level of immigration. It is expressed in four categories: To raise the level; to maintain the level; to lower the level; no intervention reported. | ||
Source: United Nations (2008b) | ||||
V134 | Views on emigration level | Governments’ perception of the acceptability of the emigration level. It is expressed in three categories: Emigration is too high; emigration level is satisfactory; emigration level is too low. | ||
Source: United Nations (2008b) | ||||
V135 | Policy on emigration level | Governments’ intervention policy to modify the level of emigration. It is expressed in four categories: To raise the level; to maintain the level; to lower the level; no intervention reported. | ||
Source: United Nations (2008b) | ||||
International Treaties | ||||
V136 | Climate change | Framework Convention on Climate Change (1993): the years signed and ratified. Updated with ratifications and signatures as of 28 May 2004. | ||
Source: United Nations (1993) | ||||
V137 | Ozone layer | UN Environment Program. It refers to the Vienna Convention for the Protection of the Ozone Layer (1985): the years signed and ratified by individual countries. Updated with ratifications and signatures as of 28 May 2004. | ||
Source: United Nations (1985) | ||||
V138 | CFC Control | The Protocol on Substances that deplete the Ozone Layer (1987): the years signed and ratified by individual countries. Updated with ratifications and signatures as of 28 May 2004. | ||
Source: United Nations (1987) | ||||
V139 | Law of the Sea | The UN Convention on the Law of the Sea (1982): the years signed and ratified by individual countries. Updated with ratifications and signatures as of 16 July 2004. | ||
Source: United Nations (1982) | ||||
V140 | Women | The Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination against Women (1979): The years and ratified by individual countries. Updated with ratifications and signatures as of 26 March 2004. | ||
Source: United Nations (1979) |
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